Neural Hardware: beyond ones and zeros

An overview of research on the implementation of neural systems is presented in this paper. We focus on implementations where the algorithms and their physical support are tightly coupled. First, we concentrate on the potential of probabilistic algorithms to compensate for hardware non-idealities. Then, electronic circuits which aim to reproduce the structure of neurobiological systems in hardware are introduced. Finally, we extend to neuroengineering whose focus is placed on interfacing artificial devices with biological systems.